- Processing delay: time it takes for a router to take the packet from an input interface, examine it & put it into the output queue of the output interface (depends cpu speed/utilization, ip switching mode, router architecture, configured feature on both in/out interface)
- Queuing delay: time a packets resides in the output queue of a router (depens on number of & size of packets already in queue, bw of int, queue mechanism)
- Serialization delay: time it takes to place the 'bit on the wire' (physical medium for transport)
- Propagation delay: time it takes to transmit a packet (depends on the type of media interface)
Ways to reduce delay: upgrade bandwidth, forward important packets first, compress payload of layer 2 frame, compress ip packet headers
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2 comments:
upgrade bandwidth to reduce latency?
can you give sample? few microsecond improvement in serialization delay?
nice blog... thanks author...please visit once at http://www.qosnetworking.com/
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